Refractive surgery represents a surgical technique used to correct refractive defects due to a defect of image focusing on the retina. By intervening on the cornea, conditions such as nearsightedness, astigmatism, and farsightedness can be eliminated. Normally, such defects can be corrected with the use of glasses and contact lenses. Surgical treatment is particularly indicated in cases of imbalance between one eye and the other, intolerance to contact lenses, or inability to use them for professional reasons.

Typically, refractive surgery is definitive, although, further (minor) treatment may be needed for any refractive residuals.

The visual defect is corrected with a high-precision instrument; however, factors unrelated to the surgeon’s hand and the precision of the laser can affect healing and thus the outcome.